Unity 机器学习代理工具包 (ML-Agents) 是一个开源项目,它使游戏和模拟能够作为训练智能代理的环境。
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from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple
import numpy as np
import torch
from mlagents.trainers.buffer import AgentBuffer
from mlagents.trainers.trajectory import SplitObservations
from mlagents_envs.base_env import DecisionSteps
from mlagents_envs.timers import timed
from mlagents.trainers.policy.torch_policy import TorchPolicy
from mlagents.trainers.optimizer.torch_optimizer import TorchOptimizer
class PPOOptimizer(TorchOptimizer):
def __init__(self, policy: TorchPolicy, trainer_params: Dict[str, Any]):
"""
Takes a Policy and a Dict of trainer parameters and creates an Optimizer around the policy.
The PPO optimizer has a value estimator and a loss function.
:param policy: A TFPolicy object that will be updated by this PPO Optimizer.
:param trainer_params: Trainer parameters dictionary that specifies the
properties of the trainer.
"""
# Create the graph here to give more granular control of the TF graph to the Optimizer.
super(PPOOptimizer, self).__init__(policy, trainer_params)
params = list(self.policy.actor.parameters()) + list(
self.policy.critic.parameters()
)
self.optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(
params, lr=self.trainer_params["learning_rate"]
)
reward_signal_configs = trainer_params["reward_signals"]
self.stats_name_to_update_name = {
"Losses/Value Loss": "value_loss",
"Losses/Policy Loss": "policy_loss",
}
self.stream_names = list(self.reward_signals.keys())
self.create_reward_signals(reward_signal_configs)
def ppo_value_loss(self, values, old_values, returns):
"""
Creates training-specific Tensorflow ops for PPO models.
:param returns:
:param old_values:
:param values:
"""
decay_epsilon = self.trainer_params["epsilon"]
value_losses = []
for name, head in values.items():
old_val_tensor = torch.DoubleTensor(old_values[name])
clipped_value_estimate = old_val_tensor + torch.clamp(
torch.sum(head, dim=1) - old_val_tensor, -decay_epsilon, decay_epsilon
)
v_opt_a = (torch.DoubleTensor(returns[name]) - torch.sum(head, dim=1)) ** 2
v_opt_b = (torch.DoubleTensor(returns[name]) - clipped_value_estimate) ** 2
value_loss = torch.mean(torch.max(v_opt_a, v_opt_b))
value_losses.append(value_loss)
value_loss = torch.mean(torch.stack(value_losses))
return value_loss
def ppo_policy_loss(self, advantages, probs, old_probs, masks):
"""
Creates training-specific Tensorflow ops for PPO models.
:param masks:
:param advantages:
:param probs: Current policy probabilities
:param old_probs: Past policy probabilities
"""
advantage = torch.from_numpy(np.expand_dims(advantages, -1))
decay_epsilon = self.trainer_params["epsilon"]
r_theta = torch.exp(probs - torch.DoubleTensor(old_probs))
p_opt_a = r_theta * advantage
p_opt_b = (
torch.clamp(r_theta, 1.0 - decay_epsilon, 1.0 + decay_epsilon) * advantage
)
policy_loss = -torch.mean(torch.min(p_opt_a, p_opt_b))
return policy_loss
@timed
def update(self, batch: AgentBuffer, num_sequences: int) -> Dict[str, float]:
"""
Performs update on model.
:param batch: Batch of experiences.
:param num_sequences: Number of sequences to process.
:return: Results of update.
"""
returns = {}
old_values = {}
for name in self.reward_signals:
returns[name] = batch["{}_returns".format(name)]
old_values[name] = batch["{}_value_estimates".format(name)]
vec_obs = np.array(batch["vector_obs"])
vis_obs = np.array(batch["visual_obs"])
actions, log_probs, entropy, values = self.policy.execute_model(
vec_obs, vis_obs
)
value_loss = self.ppo_value_loss(values, old_values, returns)
policy_loss = self.ppo_policy_loss(
np.array(batch["advantages"]),
log_probs,
np.array(batch["action_probs"]),
np.array(batch["masks"], dtype=np.uint32),
)
loss = (
policy_loss
+ 0.5 * value_loss
- self.trainer_params["beta"] * torch.mean(entropy)
)
self.optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
self.optimizer.step()
update_stats = {
"Losses/Policy Loss": abs(policy_loss.detach().numpy()),
"Losses/Value Loss": value_loss.detach().numpy(),
}
return update_stats
def get_value_estimates(
self, decision_requests: DecisionSteps, idx: int, done: bool
) -> Dict[str, float]:
"""
Generates value estimates for bootstrapping.
:param decision_requests:
:param idx: Index in BrainInfo of agent.
:param done: Whether or not this is the last element of the episode,
in which case the value estimate will be 0.
:return: The value estimate dictionary with key being the name of the reward signal
and the value the corresponding value estimate.
"""
vec_vis_obs = SplitObservations.from_observations(decision_requests.obs)
value_estimates = self.policy.critic(
np.expand_dims(vec_vis_obs.vector_observations[idx], 0),
np.expand_dims(vec_vis_obs.visual_observations[idx], 0),
)
value_estimates = {k: float(v) for k, v in value_estimates.items()}
# If we're done, reassign all of the value estimates that need terminal states.
if done:
for k in value_estimates:
if self.reward_signals[k].use_terminal_states:
value_estimates[k] = 0.0
return value_estimates
def get_trajectory_value_estimates(
self, batch: AgentBuffer, next_obs: List[np.ndarray], done: bool
) -> Tuple[Dict[str, np.ndarray], Dict[str, float]]:
return ({"": np.zeros(0)}), {"": 0.0}