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499 行
19 KiB
499 行
19 KiB
from collections import defaultdict
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from collections.abc import MutableMapping
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import enum
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import itertools
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from typing import BinaryIO, DefaultDict, List, Tuple, Union, Optional
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import numpy as np
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import h5py
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from mlagents_envs.exception import UnityException
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# Elements in the buffer can be np.ndarray, or in the case of teammate obs, actions, rewards,
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# a List of np.ndarray. This is done so that we don't have duplicated np.ndarrays, only references.
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BufferEntry = Union[np.ndarray, List[np.ndarray]]
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class BufferException(UnityException):
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"""
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Related to errors with the Buffer.
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"""
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pass
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class BufferKey(enum.Enum):
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ACTION_MASK = "action_mask"
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CONTINUOUS_ACTION = "continuous_action"
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NEXT_CONT_ACTION = "next_continuous_action"
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CONTINUOUS_LOG_PROBS = "continuous_log_probs"
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DISCRETE_ACTION = "discrete_action"
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NEXT_DISC_ACTION = "next_discrete_action"
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DISCRETE_LOG_PROBS = "discrete_log_probs"
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DONE = "done"
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ENVIRONMENT_REWARDS = "environment_rewards"
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MASKS = "masks"
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MEMORY = "memory"
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CRITIC_MEMORY = "critic_memory"
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PREV_ACTION = "prev_action"
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ADVANTAGES = "advantages"
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DISCOUNTED_RETURNS = "discounted_returns"
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GROUP_DONES = "group_dones"
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GROUPMATE_REWARDS = "groupmate_reward"
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GROUP_REWARD = "group_reward"
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GROUP_CONTINUOUS_ACTION = "group_continuous_action"
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GROUP_DISCRETE_ACTION = "group_discrete_aaction"
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GROUP_NEXT_CONT_ACTION = "group_next_cont_action"
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GROUP_NEXT_DISC_ACTION = "group_next_disc_action"
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class ObservationKeyPrefix(enum.Enum):
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OBSERVATION = "obs"
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NEXT_OBSERVATION = "next_obs"
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GROUP_OBSERVATION = "group_obs"
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NEXT_GROUP_OBSERVATION = "next_group_obs"
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class RewardSignalKeyPrefix(enum.Enum):
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# Reward signals
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REWARDS = "rewards"
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VALUE_ESTIMATES = "value_estimates"
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RETURNS = "returns"
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ADVANTAGE = "advantage"
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AgentBufferKey = Union[
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BufferKey, Tuple[ObservationKeyPrefix, int], Tuple[RewardSignalKeyPrefix, str]
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]
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class RewardSignalUtil:
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@staticmethod
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def rewards_key(name: str) -> AgentBufferKey:
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return RewardSignalKeyPrefix.REWARDS, name
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@staticmethod
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def value_estimates_key(name: str) -> AgentBufferKey:
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return RewardSignalKeyPrefix.RETURNS, name
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@staticmethod
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def returns_key(name: str) -> AgentBufferKey:
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return RewardSignalKeyPrefix.RETURNS, name
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@staticmethod
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def advantage_key(name: str) -> AgentBufferKey:
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return RewardSignalKeyPrefix.ADVANTAGE, name
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class AgentBufferField(list):
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"""
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AgentBufferField is a list of numpy arrays, or List[np.ndarray] for group entries.
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When an agent collects a field, you can add it to its AgentBufferField with the append method.
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"""
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def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
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self.padding_value = 0
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super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
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def __str__(self) -> str:
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return f"AgentBufferField: {super().__str__()}"
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def __getitem__(self, index):
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return_data = super().__getitem__(index)
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if isinstance(return_data, list):
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return AgentBufferField(return_data)
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else:
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return return_data
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def append(self, element: np.ndarray, padding_value: float = 0.0) -> None:
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"""
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Adds an element to this list. Also lets you change the padding
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type, so that it can be set on append (e.g. action_masks should
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be padded with 1.)
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:param element: The element to append to the list.
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:param padding_value: The value used to pad when get_batch is called.
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"""
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super().append(element)
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self.padding_value = padding_value
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def set(self, data: List[BufferEntry]) -> None:
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"""
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Sets the list of BufferEntry to the input data
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:param data: The BufferEntry list to be set.
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"""
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self[:] = []
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self[:] = data
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def get_batch(
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self,
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batch_size: int = None,
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training_length: Optional[int] = 1,
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sequential: bool = True,
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) -> List[BufferEntry]:
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"""
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Retrieve the last batch_size elements of length training_length
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from the list of np.array
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:param batch_size: The number of elements to retrieve. If None:
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All elements will be retrieved.
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:param training_length: The length of the sequence to be retrieved. If
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None: only takes one element.
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:param sequential: If true and training_length is not None: the elements
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will not repeat in the sequence. [a,b,c,d,e] with training_length = 2 and
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sequential=True gives [[0,a],[b,c],[d,e]]. If sequential=False gives
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[[a,b],[b,c],[c,d],[d,e]]
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"""
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if training_length is None:
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training_length = 1
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if sequential:
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# The sequences will not have overlapping elements (this involves padding)
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leftover = len(self) % training_length
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# leftover is the number of elements in the first sequence (this sequence might need 0 padding)
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if batch_size is None:
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# retrieve the maximum number of elements
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batch_size = len(self) // training_length + 1 * (leftover != 0)
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# The maximum number of sequences taken from a list of length len(self) without overlapping
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# with padding is equal to batch_size
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if batch_size > (len(self) // training_length + 1 * (leftover != 0)):
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raise BufferException(
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"The batch size and training length requested for get_batch where"
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" too large given the current number of data points."
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)
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if batch_size * training_length > len(self):
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padding = np.array(self[-1], dtype=np.float32) * self.padding_value
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return [padding] * (training_length - leftover) + self[:]
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else:
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return self[len(self) - batch_size * training_length :]
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else:
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# The sequences will have overlapping elements
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if batch_size is None:
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# retrieve the maximum number of elements
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batch_size = len(self) - training_length + 1
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# The number of sequences of length training_length taken from a list of len(self) elements
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# with overlapping is equal to batch_size
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if (len(self) - training_length + 1) < batch_size:
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raise BufferException(
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"The batch size and training length requested for get_batch where"
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" too large given the current number of data points."
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)
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tmp_list: List[np.ndarray] = []
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for end in range(len(self) - batch_size + 1, len(self) + 1):
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tmp_list += self[end - training_length : end]
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return tmp_list
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def reset_field(self) -> None:
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"""
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Resets the AgentBufferField
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"""
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self[:] = []
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def padded_to_batch(
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self, pad_value: np.float = 0, dtype: np.dtype = np.float32
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) -> Union[np.ndarray, List[np.ndarray]]:
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"""
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Converts this AgentBufferField (which is a List[BufferEntry]) into a numpy array
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with first dimension equal to the length of this AgentBufferField. If this AgentBufferField
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contains a List[List[BufferEntry]] (i.e., in the case of group observations), return a List
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containing numpy arrays or tensors, of length equal to the maximum length of an entry. Missing
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For entries with less than that length, the array will be padded with pad_value.
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:param pad_value: Value to pad List AgentBufferFields, when there are less than the maximum
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number of agents present.
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:param dtype: Dtype of output numpy array.
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:return: Numpy array or List of numpy arrays representing this AgentBufferField, where the first
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dimension is equal to the length of the AgentBufferField.
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"""
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if len(self) > 0 and not isinstance(self[0], list):
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return np.asanyarray(self, dytpe=dtype)
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shape = None
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for _entry in self:
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# _entry could be an empty list if there are no group agents in this
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# step. Find the first non-empty list and use that shape.
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if _entry:
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shape = _entry[0].shape
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break
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# If there were no groupmate agents in the entire batch, return an empty List.
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if shape is None:
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return []
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# Convert to numpy array while padding with 0's
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new_list = list(
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map(
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lambda x: np.asanyarray(x, dtype=dtype),
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itertools.zip_longest(*self, fillvalue=np.full(shape, pad_value)),
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)
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)
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return new_list
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class AgentBuffer(MutableMapping):
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"""
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AgentBuffer contains a dictionary of AgentBufferFields. Each agent has his own AgentBuffer.
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The keys correspond to the name of the field. Example: state, action
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"""
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# Whether or not to validate the types of keys at runtime
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# This should be off for training, but enabled for testing
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CHECK_KEY_TYPES_AT_RUNTIME = False
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def __init__(self):
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self.last_brain_info = None
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self.last_take_action_outputs = None
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self._fields: DefaultDict[AgentBufferKey, AgentBufferField] = defaultdict(
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AgentBufferField
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)
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def __str__(self):
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return ", ".join(
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["'{}' : {}".format(k, str(self[k])) for k in self._fields.keys()]
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)
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def reset_agent(self) -> None:
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"""
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Resets the AgentBuffer
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"""
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for f in self._fields.values():
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f.reset_field()
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self.last_brain_info = None
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self.last_take_action_outputs = None
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@staticmethod
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def _check_key(key):
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if isinstance(key, BufferKey):
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return
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if isinstance(key, tuple):
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key0, key1 = key
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if isinstance(key0, ObservationKeyPrefix):
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if isinstance(key1, int):
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return
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raise KeyError(f"{key} has type ({type(key0)}, {type(key1)})")
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if isinstance(key0, RewardSignalKeyPrefix):
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if isinstance(key1, str):
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return
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raise KeyError(f"{key} has type ({type(key0)}, {type(key1)})")
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raise KeyError(f"{key} is a {type(key)}")
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@staticmethod
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def _encode_key(key: AgentBufferKey) -> str:
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"""
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Convert the key to a string representation so that it can be used for serialization.
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"""
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if isinstance(key, BufferKey):
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return key.value
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prefix, suffix = key
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return f"{prefix.value}:{suffix}"
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@staticmethod
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def _decode_key(encoded_key: str) -> AgentBufferKey:
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"""
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Convert the string representation back to a key after serialization.
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"""
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# Simple case: convert the string directly to a BufferKey
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try:
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return BufferKey(encoded_key)
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except ValueError:
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pass
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# Not a simple key, so split into two parts
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prefix_str, _, suffix_str = encoded_key.partition(":")
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# See if it's an ObservationKeyPrefix first
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try:
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return ObservationKeyPrefix(prefix_str), int(suffix_str)
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except ValueError:
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pass
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# If not, it had better be a RewardSignalKeyPrefix
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try:
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return RewardSignalKeyPrefix(prefix_str), suffix_str
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except ValueError:
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raise ValueError(f"Unable to convert {encoded_key} to an AgentBufferKey")
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def __getitem__(self, key: AgentBufferKey) -> AgentBufferField:
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if self.CHECK_KEY_TYPES_AT_RUNTIME:
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self._check_key(key)
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return self._fields[key]
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def __setitem__(self, key: AgentBufferKey, value: AgentBufferField) -> None:
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if self.CHECK_KEY_TYPES_AT_RUNTIME:
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self._check_key(key)
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self._fields[key] = value
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def __delitem__(self, key: AgentBufferKey) -> None:
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if self.CHECK_KEY_TYPES_AT_RUNTIME:
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self._check_key(key)
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self._fields.__delitem__(key)
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def __iter__(self):
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return self._fields.__iter__()
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def __len__(self) -> int:
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return self._fields.__len__()
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def __contains__(self, key):
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if self.CHECK_KEY_TYPES_AT_RUNTIME:
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self._check_key(key)
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return self._fields.__contains__(key)
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def check_length(self, key_list: List[AgentBufferKey]) -> bool:
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"""
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Some methods will require that some fields have the same length.
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check_length will return true if the fields in key_list
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have the same length.
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:param key_list: The fields which length will be compared
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"""
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if self.CHECK_KEY_TYPES_AT_RUNTIME:
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for k in key_list:
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self._check_key(k)
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if len(key_list) < 2:
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return True
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length = None
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for key in key_list:
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if key not in self._fields:
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return False
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if (length is not None) and (length != len(self[key])):
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return False
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length = len(self[key])
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return True
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def shuffle(
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self, sequence_length: int, key_list: List[AgentBufferKey] = None
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) -> None:
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"""
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Shuffles the fields in key_list in a consistent way: The reordering will
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be the same across fields.
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:param key_list: The fields that must be shuffled.
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"""
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if key_list is None:
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key_list = list(self._fields.keys())
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if not self.check_length(key_list):
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raise BufferException(
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"Unable to shuffle if the fields are not of same length"
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)
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s = np.arange(len(self[key_list[0]]) // sequence_length)
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np.random.shuffle(s)
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for key in key_list:
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tmp: List[np.ndarray] = []
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for i in s:
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tmp += self[key][i * sequence_length : (i + 1) * sequence_length]
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self[key][:] = tmp
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def make_mini_batch(self, start: int, end: int) -> "AgentBuffer":
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"""
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Creates a mini-batch from buffer.
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:param start: Starting index of buffer.
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:param end: Ending index of buffer.
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:return: Dict of mini batch.
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"""
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mini_batch = AgentBuffer()
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for key, field in self._fields.items():
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# slicing AgentBufferField returns a List[Any}
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mini_batch[key] = field[start:end] # type: ignore
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return mini_batch
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def sample_mini_batch(
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self, batch_size: int, sequence_length: int = 1
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) -> "AgentBuffer":
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"""
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Creates a mini-batch from a random start and end.
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:param batch_size: number of elements to withdraw.
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:param sequence_length: Length of sequences to sample.
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Number of sequences to sample will be batch_size/sequence_length.
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"""
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num_seq_to_sample = batch_size // sequence_length
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mini_batch = AgentBuffer()
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buff_len = self.num_experiences
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num_sequences_in_buffer = buff_len // sequence_length
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start_idxes = (
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np.random.randint(num_sequences_in_buffer, size=num_seq_to_sample)
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* sequence_length
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) # Sample random sequence starts
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for key in self:
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mb_list = [self[key][i : i + sequence_length] for i in start_idxes]
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# See comparison of ways to make a list from a list of lists here:
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# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/952914/how-to-make-a-flat-list-out-of-list-of-lists
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mini_batch[key].set(list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(mb_list)))
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return mini_batch
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def save_to_file(self, file_object: BinaryIO) -> None:
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"""
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Saves the AgentBuffer to a file-like object.
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"""
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with h5py.File(file_object, "w") as write_file:
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for key, data in self.items():
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write_file.create_dataset(
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self._encode_key(key), data=data, dtype="f", compression="gzip"
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)
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def load_from_file(self, file_object: BinaryIO) -> None:
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"""
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Loads the AgentBuffer from a file-like object.
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"""
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with h5py.File(file_object, "r") as read_file:
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for key in list(read_file.keys()):
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decoded_key = self._decode_key(key)
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self[decoded_key] = AgentBufferField()
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# extend() will convert the numpy array's first dimension into list
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self[decoded_key].extend(read_file[key][()])
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def truncate(self, max_length: int, sequence_length: int = 1) -> None:
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"""
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Truncates the buffer to a certain length.
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This can be slow for large buffers. We compensate by cutting further than we need to, so that
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we're not truncating at each update. Note that we must truncate an integer number of sequence_lengths
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param: max_length: The length at which to truncate the buffer.
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"""
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current_length = self.num_experiences
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# make max_length an integer number of sequence_lengths
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max_length -= max_length % sequence_length
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if current_length > max_length:
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for _key in self.keys():
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self[_key][:] = self[_key][current_length - max_length :]
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def resequence_and_append(
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self,
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target_buffer: "AgentBuffer",
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key_list: List[AgentBufferKey] = None,
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batch_size: int = None,
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training_length: int = None,
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) -> None:
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"""
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Takes in a batch size and training length (sequence length), and appends this AgentBuffer to target_buffer
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properly padded for LSTM use. Optionally, use key_list to restrict which fields are inserted into the new
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buffer.
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:param target_buffer: The buffer which to append the samples to.
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:param key_list: The fields that must be added. If None: all fields will be appended.
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:param batch_size: The number of elements that must be appended. If None: All of them will be.
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:param training_length: The length of the samples that must be appended. If None: only takes one element.
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"""
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if key_list is None:
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key_list = list(self.keys())
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if not self.check_length(key_list):
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raise BufferException(
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f"The length of the fields {key_list} were not of same length"
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)
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for field_key in key_list:
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target_buffer[field_key].extend(
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self[field_key].get_batch(
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batch_size=batch_size, training_length=training_length
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)
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)
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@property
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def num_experiences(self) -> int:
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"""
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The number of agent experiences in the AgentBuffer, i.e. the length of the buffer.
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|
|
|
An experience consists of one element across all of the fields of this AgentBuffer.
|
|
Note that these all have to be the same length, otherwise shuffle and append_to_update_buffer
|
|
will fail.
|
|
"""
|
|
if self.values():
|
|
return len(next(iter(self.values())))
|
|
else:
|
|
return 0
|