Unity 机器学习代理工具包 (ML-Agents) 是一个开源项目,它使游戏和模拟能够作为训练智能代理的环境。
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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using Barracuda;
using MLAgents.Sensor;
using UnityEngine.Serialization;
namespace MLAgents
{
/// <summary>
/// Struct that contains all the information for an Agent, including its
/// observations, actions and current status, that is sent to the Brain.
/// </summary>
public struct AgentInfo
{
/// <summary>
/// Keeps track of the last vector action taken by the Brain.
/// </summary>
public float[] storedVectorActions;
/// <summary>
/// For discrete control, specifies the actions that the agent cannot take. Is true if
/// the action is masked.
/// </summary>
public bool[] actionMasks;
/// <summary>
/// Current agent reward.
/// </summary>
public float reward;
/// <summary>
/// Whether the agent is done or not.
/// </summary>
public bool done;
/// <summary>
/// Whether the agent has reached its max step count for this episode.
/// </summary>
public bool maxStepReached;
/// <summary>
/// Episode identifier each agent receives at every reset. It is used
/// to separate between different agents in the environment.
/// </summary>
public int episodeId;
}
/// <summary>
/// Struct that contains the action information sent from the Brain to the
/// Agent.
/// </summary>
internal struct AgentAction
{
public float[] vectorActions;
}
/// <summary>
/// Agent Monobehavior class that is attached to a Unity GameObject, making it
/// an Agent. An agent produces observations and takes actions in the
/// environment. Observations are determined by the cameras attached
/// to the agent in addition to the vector observations implemented by the
/// user in <see cref="CollectObservations"/>. On the other hand, actions
/// are determined by decisions produced by a Policy. Currently, this
/// class is expected to be extended to implement the desired agent behavior.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Simply speaking, an agent roams through an environment and at each step
/// of the environment extracts its current observation, sends them to its
/// policy and in return receives an action. In practice,
/// however, an agent need not send its observation at every step since very
/// little may have changed between successive steps.
///
/// At any step, an agent may be considered <see cref="m_Done"/>.
/// This could occur due to a variety of reasons:
/// - The agent reached an end state within its environment.
/// - The agent reached the maximum # of steps (i.e. timed out).
/// - The academy reached the maximum # of steps (forced agent to be done).
///
/// Here, an agent reaches an end state if it completes its task successfully
/// or somehow fails along the way. In the case where an agent is done before
/// the academy, it either resets and restarts, or just lingers until the
/// academy is done.
///
/// An important note regarding steps and episodes is due. Here, an agent step
/// corresponds to an academy step, which also corresponds to Unity
/// environment step (i.e. each FixedUpdate call). This is not the case for
/// episodes. The academy controls the global episode count and each agent
/// controls its own local episode count and can reset and start a new local
/// episode independently (based on its own experience). Thus an academy
/// (global) episode can be viewed as the upper-bound on an agents episode
/// length and that within a single global episode, an agent may have completed
/// multiple local episodes. Consequently, if an agent max step is
/// set to a value larger than the academy max steps value, then the academy
/// value takes precedence (since the agent max step will never be reached).
///
/// Lastly, note that at any step the policy to the agent is allowed to
/// change model with <see cref="GiveModel"/>.
///
/// Implementation-wise, it is required that this class is extended and the
/// virtual methods overridden. For sample implementations of agent behavior,
/// see the Examples/ directory within this Unity project.
/// </remarks>
[HelpURL("https://github.com/Unity-Technologies/ml-agents/blob/master/" +
"docs/Learning-Environment-Design-Agents.md")]
[Serializable]
[RequireComponent(typeof(BehaviorParameters))]
public abstract class Agent : MonoBehaviour
{
IPolicy m_Brain;
BehaviorParameters m_PolicyFactory;
/// <summary>
/// The maximum number of steps the agent takes before being done.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// If set to 0, the agent can only be set to done programmatically (or
/// when the Academy is done).
/// If set to any positive integer, the agent will be set to done after
/// that many steps. Note that setting the max step to a value greater
/// than the academy max step value renders it useless.
/// </remarks>
[HideInInspector] public int maxStep;
/// Current Agent information (message sent to Brain).
AgentInfo m_Info;
/// Current Agent action (message sent from Brain).
AgentAction m_Action;
/// Represents the reward the agent accumulated during the current step.
/// It is reset to 0 at the beginning of every step.
/// Should be set to a positive value when the agent performs a "good"
/// action that we wish to reinforce/reward, and set to a negative value
/// when the agent performs a "bad" action that we wish to punish/deter.
/// Additionally, the magnitude of the reward should not exceed 1.0
float m_Reward;
/// Keeps track of the cumulative reward in this episode.
float m_CumulativeReward;
/// Whether or not the agent requests an action.
bool m_RequestAction;
/// Whether or not the agent requests a decision.
bool m_RequestDecision;
/// Keeps track of the number of steps taken by the agent in this episode.
/// Note that this value is different for each agent, and may not overlap
/// with the step counter in the Academy, since agents reset based on
/// their own experience.
int m_StepCount;
/// Episode identifier each agent receives. It is used
/// to separate between different agents in the environment.
/// This Id will be changed every time the Agent resets.
int m_EpisodeId;
/// Whether or not the Agent has been initialized already
bool m_Initialized;
/// Keeps track of the actions that are masked at each step.
ActionMasker m_ActionMasker;
/// <summary>
/// Demonstration recorder.
/// </summary>
DemonstrationRecorder m_Recorder;
/// <summary>
/// List of sensors used to generate observations.
/// Currently generated from attached SensorComponents, and a legacy VectorSensor
/// </summary>
internal List<ISensor> sensors;
/// <summary>
/// VectorSensor which is written to by AddVectorObs
/// </summary>
internal VectorSensor collectObservationsSensor;
/// MonoBehaviour function that is called when the attached GameObject
/// becomes enabled or active.
void OnEnable()
{
LazyInitialize();
}
/// Helper method for the <see cref="OnEnable"/> event, created to
/// facilitate testing.
public void LazyInitialize()
{
if (m_Initialized)
{
return;
}
m_Initialized = true;
// Grab the "static" properties for the Agent.
m_EpisodeId = EpisodeIdCounter.GetEpisodeId();
m_PolicyFactory = GetComponent<BehaviorParameters>();
m_Recorder = GetComponent<DemonstrationRecorder>();
m_Info = new AgentInfo();
m_Action = new AgentAction();
sensors = new List<ISensor>();
Academy.Instance.AgentSendState += SendInfo;
Academy.Instance.DecideAction += DecideAction;
Academy.Instance.AgentAct += AgentStep;
Academy.Instance.AgentForceReset += _AgentReset;
m_Brain = m_PolicyFactory.GeneratePolicy(Heuristic);
ResetData();
InitializeAgent();
InitializeSensors();
}
/// Monobehavior function that is called when the attached GameObject
/// becomes disabled or inactive.
void OnDisable()
{
// If Academy.Dispose has already been called, we don't need to unregister with it.
// We don't want to even try, because this will lazily create a new Academy!
if (Academy.IsInitialized)
{
Academy.Instance.AgentSendState -= SendInfo;
Academy.Instance.DecideAction -= DecideAction;
Academy.Instance.AgentAct -= AgentStep;
Academy.Instance.AgentForceReset -= _AgentReset;
}
NotifyAgentDone();
m_Brain?.Dispose();
m_Initialized = false;
}
void NotifyAgentDone(bool maxStepReached = false)
{
m_Info.reward = m_Reward;
m_Info.done = true;
m_Info.maxStepReached = maxStepReached;
// Request the last decision with no callbacks
// We request a decision so Python knows the Agent is done immediately
m_Brain?.RequestDecision(m_Info, sensors);
UpdateRewardStats();
// The Agent is done, so we give it a new episode Id
m_EpisodeId = EpisodeIdCounter.GetEpisodeId();
m_Reward = 0f;
m_CumulativeReward = 0f;
m_RequestAction = false;
m_RequestDecision = false;
}
/// <summary>
/// Updates the Model for the agent. Any model currently assigned to the
/// agent will be replaced with the provided one. If the arguments are
/// identical to the current parameters of the agent, the model will
/// remain unchanged.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="behaviorName"> The identifier of the behavior. This
/// will categorize the agent when training.
/// </param>
/// <param name="model"> The model to use for inference.</param>
/// <param name = "inferenceDevice"> Define on what device the model
/// will be run.</param>
public void GiveModel(
string behaviorName,
NNModel model,
InferenceDevice inferenceDevice = InferenceDevice.CPU)
{
m_PolicyFactory.GiveModel(behaviorName, model, inferenceDevice);
m_Brain?.Dispose();
m_Brain = m_PolicyFactory.GeneratePolicy(Heuristic);
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns the current step counter (within the current episode).
/// </summary>
/// <returns>
/// Current episode number.
/// </returns>
public int GetStepCount()
{
return m_StepCount;
}
/// <summary>
/// Overrides the current step reward of the agent and updates the episode
/// reward accordingly.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="reward">The new value of the reward.</param>
public void SetReward(float reward)
{
#if DEBUG
if (float.IsNaN(reward))
{
throw new ArgumentException("NaN reward passed to SetReward.");
}
#endif
m_CumulativeReward += (reward - m_Reward);
m_Reward = reward;
}
/// <summary>
/// Increments the step and episode rewards by the provided value.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="increment">Incremental reward value.</param>
public void AddReward(float increment)
{
#if DEBUG
if (float.IsNaN(increment))
{
throw new ArgumentException("NaN reward passed to AddReward.");
}
#endif
m_Reward += increment;
m_CumulativeReward += increment;
}
/// <summary>
/// Retrieves the episode reward for the Agent.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The episode reward.</returns>
public float GetCumulativeReward()
{
return m_CumulativeReward;
}
void UpdateRewardStats()
{
var gaugeName = $"{m_PolicyFactory.behaviorName}.CumulativeReward";
TimerStack.Instance.SetGauge(gaugeName, GetCumulativeReward());
}
/// <summary>
/// Sets the done flag to true.
/// </summary>
public void Done()
{
NotifyAgentDone();
_AgentReset();
}
/// <summary>
/// Is called when the agent must request the brain for a new decision.
/// </summary>
public void RequestDecision()
{
m_RequestDecision = true;
RequestAction();
}
/// <summary>
/// Is called then the agent must perform a new action.
/// </summary>
public void RequestAction()
{
m_RequestAction = true;
}
/// Helper function that resets all the data structures associated with
/// the agent. Typically used when the agent is being initialized or reset
/// at the end of an episode.
void ResetData()
{
var param = m_PolicyFactory.brainParameters;
m_ActionMasker = new ActionMasker(param);
// If we haven't initialized vectorActions, initialize to 0. This should only
// happen during the creation of the Agent. In subsequent episodes, vectorAction
// should stay the previous action before the Done(), so that it is properly recorded.
if (m_Action.vectorActions == null)
{
if (param.vectorActionSpaceType == SpaceType.Continuous)
{
m_Action.vectorActions = new float[param.vectorActionSize[0]];
m_Info.storedVectorActions = new float[param.vectorActionSize[0]];
}
else
{
m_Action.vectorActions = new float[param.vectorActionSize.Length];
m_Info.storedVectorActions = new float[param.vectorActionSize.Length];
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes the agent, called once when the agent is enabled. Can be
/// left empty if there is no special, unique set-up behavior for the
/// agent.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// One sample use is to store local references to other objects in the
/// scene which would facilitate computing this agents observation.
/// </remarks>
public virtual void InitializeAgent()
{
}
/// <summary>
/// When the Agent uses Heuristics, it will call this method every time it
/// needs an action. This can be used for debugging or controlling the agent
/// with keyboard.
/// </summary>
/// <returns> A float array corresponding to the next action of the Agent
/// </returns>
public virtual float[] Heuristic()
{
throw new UnityAgentsException(string.Format(
"The Heuristic method was not implemented for the Agent on the " +
"{0} GameObject.",
gameObject.name));
}
/// <summary>
/// Set up the list of ISensors on the Agent. By default, this will select any
/// SensorBase's attached to the Agent.
/// </summary>
internal void InitializeSensors()
{
// Get all attached sensor components
SensorComponent[] attachedSensorComponents;
if (m_PolicyFactory.useChildSensors)
{
attachedSensorComponents = GetComponentsInChildren<SensorComponent>();
}
else
{
attachedSensorComponents = GetComponents<SensorComponent>();
}
sensors.Capacity += attachedSensorComponents.Length;
foreach (var component in attachedSensorComponents)
{
sensors.Add(component.CreateSensor());
}
// Support legacy CollectObservations
var param = m_PolicyFactory.brainParameters;
if (param.vectorObservationSize > 0)
{
collectObservationsSensor = new VectorSensor(param.vectorObservationSize);
if (param.numStackedVectorObservations > 1)
{
var stackingSensor = new StackingSensor(collectObservationsSensor, param.numStackedVectorObservations);
sensors.Add(stackingSensor);
}
else
{
sensors.Add(collectObservationsSensor);
}
}
// Sort the Sensors by name to ensure determinism
sensors.Sort((x, y) => x.GetName().CompareTo(y.GetName()));
#if DEBUG
// Make sure the names are actually unique
for (var i = 0; i < sensors.Count - 1; i++)
{
Debug.Assert(!sensors[i].GetName().Equals(sensors[i + 1].GetName()), "Sensor names must be unique.");
}
#endif
}
/// <summary>
/// Sends the Agent info to the linked Brain.
/// </summary>
void SendInfoToBrain()
{
if (m_Brain == null)
{
return;
}
m_Info.storedVectorActions = m_Action.vectorActions;
m_ActionMasker.ResetMask();
UpdateSensors();
using (TimerStack.Instance.Scoped("CollectObservations"))
{
CollectObservations();
}
m_Info.actionMasks = m_ActionMasker.GetMask();
m_Info.reward = m_Reward;
m_Info.done = false;
m_Info.maxStepReached = false;
m_Info.episodeId = m_EpisodeId;
m_Brain.RequestDecision(m_Info, sensors);
if (m_Recorder != null && m_Recorder.record && Application.isEditor)
{
m_Recorder.WriteExperience(m_Info, sensors);
}
}
void UpdateSensors()
{
for (var i = 0; i < sensors.Count; i++)
{
sensors[i].Update();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Collects the (vector, visual) observations of the agent.
/// The agent observation describes the current environment from the
/// perspective of the agent.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Simply, an agents observation is any environment information that helps
/// the Agent acheive its goal. For example, for a fighting Agent, its
/// observation could include distances to friends or enemies, or the
/// current level of ammunition at its disposal.
/// Recall that an Agent may attach vector or visual observations.
/// Vector observations are added by calling the provided helper methods:
/// - <see cref="AddVectorObs(int)"/>
/// - <see cref="AddVectorObs(float)"/>
/// - <see cref="AddVectorObs(Vector3)"/>
/// - <see cref="AddVectorObs(Vector2)"/>
/// - <see>
/// <cref>AddVectorObs(float[])</cref>
/// </see>
/// - <see>
/// <cref>AddVectorObs(List{float})</cref>
/// </see>
/// - <see cref="AddVectorObs(Quaternion)"/>
/// - <see cref="AddVectorObs(bool)"/>
/// - <see cref="AddVectorObs(int, int)"/>
/// Depending on your environment, any combination of these helpers can
/// be used. They just need to be used in the exact same order each time
/// this method is called and the resulting size of the vector observation
/// needs to match the vectorObservationSize attribute of the linked Brain.
/// Visual observations are implicitly added from the cameras attached to
/// the Agent.
/// </remarks>
public virtual void CollectObservations()
{
}
/// <summary>
/// Sets an action mask for discrete control agents. When used, the agent will not be
/// able to perform the action passed as argument at the next decision. If no branch is
/// specified, the default branch will be 0. The actionIndex or actionIndices correspond
/// to the action the agent will be unable to perform.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="actionIndices">The indices of the masked actions on branch 0</param>
protected void SetActionMask(IEnumerable<int> actionIndices)
{
m_ActionMasker.SetActionMask(0, actionIndices);
}
/// <summary>
/// Sets an action mask for discrete control agents. When used, the agent will not be
/// able to perform the action passed as argument at the next decision. If no branch is
/// specified, the default branch will be 0. The actionIndex or actionIndices correspond
/// to the action the agent will be unable to perform.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="actionIndex">The index of the masked action on branch 0</param>
protected void SetActionMask(int actionIndex)
{
m_ActionMasker.SetActionMask(0, new[] { actionIndex });
}
/// <summary>
/// Sets an action mask for discrete control agents. When used, the agent will not be
/// able to perform the action passed as argument at the next decision. If no branch is
/// specified, the default branch will be 0. The actionIndex or actionIndices correspond
/// to the action the agent will be unable to perform.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="branch">The branch for which the actions will be masked</param>
/// <param name="actionIndex">The index of the masked action</param>
protected void SetActionMask(int branch, int actionIndex)
{
m_ActionMasker.SetActionMask(branch, new[] { actionIndex });
}
/// <summary>
/// Modifies an action mask for discrete control agents. When used, the agent will not be
/// able to perform the action passed as argument at the next decision. If no branch is
/// specified, the default branch will be 0. The actionIndex or actionIndices correspond
/// to the action the agent will be unable to perform.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="branch">The branch for which the actions will be masked</param>
/// <param name="actionIndices">The indices of the masked actions</param>
protected void SetActionMask(int branch, IEnumerable<int> actionIndices)
{
m_ActionMasker.SetActionMask(branch, actionIndices);
}
/// <summary>
/// Adds a float observation to the vector observations of the agent.
/// Increases the size of the agents vector observation by 1.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="observation">Observation.</param>
protected void AddVectorObs(float observation)
{
collectObservationsSensor.AddObservation(observation);
}
/// <summary>
/// Adds an integer observation to the vector observations of the agent.
/// Increases the size of the agents vector observation by 1.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="observation">Observation.</param>
protected void AddVectorObs(int observation)
{
collectObservationsSensor.AddObservation(observation);
}
/// <summary>
/// Adds an Vector3 observation to the vector observations of the agent.
/// Increases the size of the agents vector observation by 3.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="observation">Observation.</param>
protected void AddVectorObs(Vector3 observation)
{
collectObservationsSensor.AddObservation(observation);
}
/// <summary>
/// Adds an Vector2 observation to the vector observations of the agent.
/// Increases the size of the agents vector observation by 2.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="observation">Observation.</param>
protected void AddVectorObs(Vector2 observation)
{
collectObservationsSensor.AddObservation(observation);
}
/// <summary>
/// Adds a collection of float observations to the vector observations of the agent.
/// Increases the size of the agents vector observation by size of the collection.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="observation">Observation.</param>
protected void AddVectorObs(IEnumerable<float> observation)
{
collectObservationsSensor.AddObservation(observation);
}
/// <summary>
/// Adds a quaternion observation to the vector observations of the agent.
/// Increases the size of the agents vector observation by 4.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="observation">Observation.</param>
protected void AddVectorObs(Quaternion observation)
{
collectObservationsSensor.AddObservation(observation);
}
/// <summary>
/// Adds a boolean observation to the vector observation of the agent.
/// Increases the size of the agent's vector observation by 1.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="observation"></param>
protected void AddVectorObs(bool observation)
{
collectObservationsSensor.AddObservation(observation);
}
protected void AddVectorObs(int observation, int range)
{
collectObservationsSensor.AddOneHotObservation(observation, range);
}
/// <summary>
/// Specifies the agent behavior at every step based on the provided
/// action.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="vectorAction">
/// Vector action. Note that for discrete actions, the provided array
/// will be of length 1.
/// </param>
public virtual void AgentAction(float[] vectorAction)
{
}
/// <summary>
/// Specifies the agent behavior when being reset, which can be due to
/// the agent or Academy being done (i.e. completion of local or global
/// episode).
/// </summary>
public virtual void AgentReset()
{
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns the last action that was decided on by the Agent (returns null if no decision has been made)
/// </summary>
public float[] GetAction()
{
return m_Action.vectorActions;
}
/// <summary>
/// This method will forcefully reset the agent and will also reset the hasAlreadyReset flag.
/// This way, even if the agent was already in the process of reseting, it will be reset again
/// and will not send a Done flag at the next step.
/// </summary>
void ForceReset()
{
_AgentReset();
}
/// <summary>
/// An internal reset method that updates internal data structures in
/// addition to calling <see cref="AgentReset"/>.
/// </summary>
void _AgentReset()
{
ResetData();
m_StepCount = 0;
AgentReset();
}
internal void UpdateAgentAction(AgentAction action)
{
m_Action = action;
}
/// <summary>
/// Scales continuous action from [-1, 1] to arbitrary range.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rawAction"></param>
/// <param name="min"></param>
/// <param name="max"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
protected float ScaleAction(float rawAction, float min, float max)
{
var middle = (min + max) / 2;
var range = (max - min) / 2;
return rawAction * range + middle;
}
/// <summary>
/// Signals the agent that it must sent its decision to the brain.
/// </summary>
void SendInfo()
{
// If the Agent is done, it has just reset and thus requires a new decision
if (m_RequestDecision)
{
SendInfoToBrain();
m_Reward = 0f;
m_RequestDecision = false;
}
}
/// Used by the brain to make the agent perform a step.
void AgentStep()
{
if ((m_StepCount >= maxStep) && (maxStep > 0))
{
NotifyAgentDone(true);
_AgentReset();
}
else
{
m_StepCount += 1;
}
if ((m_RequestAction) && (m_Brain != null))
{
m_RequestAction = false;
if (m_Action.vectorActions != null)
{
AgentAction(m_Action.vectorActions);
}
}
}
void DecideAction()
{
m_Action.vectorActions = m_Brain?.DecideAction();
}
}
}