from typing import Optional, Any, Dict, cast import numpy as np from mlagents.tf_utils import tf from mlagents_envs.timers import timed from mlagents.trainers.models import ModelUtils, EncoderType from mlagents.trainers.policy.tf_policy import TFPolicy from mlagents.trainers.optimizer.tf_optimizer import TFOptimizer from mlagents.trainers.buffer import AgentBuffer from mlagents.trainers.settings import TrainerSettings, PPOSettings class PPOOptimizer(TFOptimizer): def __init__(self, policy: TFPolicy, trainer_params: TrainerSettings): """ Takes a Policy and a Dict of trainer parameters and creates an Optimizer around the policy. The PPO optimizer has a value estimator and a loss function. :param policy: A TFPolicy object that will be updated by this PPO Optimizer. :param trainer_params: Trainer parameters dictionary that specifies the properties of the trainer. """ # Create the graph here to give more granular control of the TF graph to the Optimizer. policy.create_tf_graph() with policy.graph.as_default(): with tf.variable_scope("optimizer/"): super().__init__(policy, trainer_params) hyperparameters: PPOSettings = cast( PPOSettings, trainer_params.hyperparameters ) lr = float(hyperparameters.learning_rate) self._schedule = hyperparameters.learning_rate_schedule epsilon = float(hyperparameters.epsilon) beta = float(hyperparameters.beta) max_step = float(trainer_params.max_steps) policy_network_settings = policy.network_settings h_size = int(policy_network_settings.hidden_units) num_layers = policy_network_settings.num_layers vis_encode_type = policy_network_settings.vis_encode_type self.burn_in_ratio = 0.0 self.stream_names = list(self.reward_signals.keys()) self.tf_optimizer: Optional[tf.train.AdamOptimizer] = None self.grads = None self.update_batch: Optional[tf.Operation] = None self.stats_name_to_update_name = { "Losses/Value Loss": "value_loss", "Losses/Policy Loss": "policy_loss", "Policy/Learning Rate": "learning_rate", "Policy/Epsilon": "decay_epsilon", "Policy/Beta": "decay_beta", } if self.policy.use_recurrent: self.m_size = self.policy.m_size self.memory_in = tf.placeholder( shape=[None, self.m_size], dtype=tf.float32, name="recurrent_value_in", ) if num_layers < 1: num_layers = 1 if policy.use_continuous_act: self._create_cc_critic(h_size, num_layers, vis_encode_type) else: self._create_dc_critic(h_size, num_layers, vis_encode_type) self.learning_rate = ModelUtils.create_schedule( self._schedule, lr, self.policy.global_step, int(max_step), min_value=1e-10, ) self._create_losses( self.policy.total_log_probs, self.old_log_probs, self.value_heads, self.policy.entropy, beta, epsilon, lr, max_step, ) self._create_ppo_optimizer_ops() self.update_dict.update( { "value_loss": self.value_loss, "policy_loss": self.abs_policy_loss, "update_batch": self.update_batch, "learning_rate": self.learning_rate, "decay_epsilon": self.decay_epsilon, "decay_beta": self.decay_beta, } ) self.policy.initialize_or_load() def _create_cc_critic( self, h_size: int, num_layers: int, vis_encode_type: EncoderType ) -> None: """ Creates Continuous control critic (value) network. :param h_size: Size of hidden linear layers. :param num_layers: Number of hidden linear layers. :param vis_encode_type: The type of visual encoder to use. """ hidden_stream = ModelUtils.create_observation_streams( self.policy.visual_in, self.policy.processed_vector_in, 1, h_size, num_layers, vis_encode_type, )[0] if self.policy.use_recurrent: hidden_value, memory_value_out = ModelUtils.create_recurrent_encoder( hidden_stream, self.memory_in, self.policy.sequence_length_ph, name="lstm_value", ) self.memory_out = memory_value_out else: hidden_value = hidden_stream self.value_heads, self.value = ModelUtils.create_value_heads( self.stream_names, hidden_value ) self.all_old_log_probs = tf.placeholder( shape=[None, sum(self.policy.act_size)], dtype=tf.float32, name="old_probabilities", ) self.old_log_probs = tf.reduce_sum( (tf.identity(self.all_old_log_probs)), axis=1, keepdims=True ) def _create_dc_critic( self, h_size: int, num_layers: int, vis_encode_type: EncoderType ) -> None: """ Creates Discrete control critic (value) network. :param h_size: Size of hidden linear layers. :param num_layers: Number of hidden linear layers. :param vis_encode_type: The type of visual encoder to use. """ hidden_stream = ModelUtils.create_observation_streams( self.policy.visual_in, self.policy.processed_vector_in, 1, h_size, num_layers, vis_encode_type, )[0] if self.policy.use_recurrent: hidden_value, memory_value_out = ModelUtils.create_recurrent_encoder( hidden_stream, self.memory_in, self.policy.sequence_length_ph, name="lstm_value", ) self.memory_out = memory_value_out else: hidden_value = hidden_stream self.value_heads, self.value = ModelUtils.create_value_heads( self.stream_names, hidden_value ) self.all_old_log_probs = tf.placeholder( shape=[None, sum(self.policy.act_size)], dtype=tf.float32, name="old_probabilities", ) # Break old log probs into separate branches old_log_prob_branches = ModelUtils.break_into_branches( self.all_old_log_probs, self.policy.act_size ) _, _, old_normalized_logits = ModelUtils.create_discrete_action_masking_layer( old_log_prob_branches, self.policy.action_masks, self.policy.act_size ) action_idx = [0] + list(np.cumsum(self.policy.act_size)) self.old_log_probs = tf.reduce_sum( ( tf.stack( [ -tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits_v2( labels=self.policy.selected_actions[ :, action_idx[i] : action_idx[i + 1] ], logits=old_normalized_logits[ :, action_idx[i] : action_idx[i + 1] ], ) for i in range(len(self.policy.act_size)) ], axis=1, ) ), axis=1, keepdims=True, ) def _create_losses( self, probs, old_probs, value_heads, entropy, beta, epsilon, lr, max_step ): """ Creates training-specific Tensorflow ops for PPO models. :param probs: Current policy probabilities :param old_probs: Past policy probabilities :param value_heads: Value estimate tensors from each value stream :param beta: Entropy regularization strength :param entropy: Current policy entropy :param epsilon: Value for policy-divergence threshold :param lr: Learning rate :param max_step: Total number of training steps. """ self.returns_holders = {} self.old_values = {} for name in value_heads.keys(): returns_holder = tf.placeholder( shape=[None], dtype=tf.float32, name="{}_returns".format(name) ) old_value = tf.placeholder( shape=[None], dtype=tf.float32, name="{}_value_estimate".format(name) ) self.returns_holders[name] = returns_holder self.old_values[name] = old_value self.advantage = tf.placeholder( shape=[None], dtype=tf.float32, name="advantages" ) advantage = tf.expand_dims(self.advantage, -1) self.decay_epsilon = ModelUtils.create_schedule( self._schedule, epsilon, self.policy.global_step, max_step, min_value=0.1 ) self.decay_beta = ModelUtils.create_schedule( self._schedule, beta, self.policy.global_step, max_step, min_value=1e-5 ) value_losses = [] for name, head in value_heads.items(): clipped_value_estimate = self.old_values[name] + tf.clip_by_value( tf.reduce_sum(head, axis=1) - self.old_values[name], -self.decay_epsilon, self.decay_epsilon, ) v_opt_a = tf.squared_difference( self.returns_holders[name], tf.reduce_sum(head, axis=1) ) v_opt_b = tf.squared_difference( self.returns_holders[name], clipped_value_estimate ) value_loss = tf.reduce_mean( tf.dynamic_partition(tf.maximum(v_opt_a, v_opt_b), self.policy.mask, 2)[ 1 ] ) value_losses.append(value_loss) self.value_loss = tf.reduce_mean(value_losses) r_theta = tf.exp(probs - old_probs) p_opt_a = r_theta * advantage p_opt_b = ( tf.clip_by_value( r_theta, 1.0 - self.decay_epsilon, 1.0 + self.decay_epsilon ) * advantage ) self.policy_loss = -tf.reduce_mean( tf.dynamic_partition(tf.minimum(p_opt_a, p_opt_b), self.policy.mask, 2)[1] ) # For cleaner stats reporting self.abs_policy_loss = tf.abs(self.policy_loss) self.loss = ( self.policy_loss + 0.5 * self.value_loss - self.decay_beta * tf.reduce_mean(tf.dynamic_partition(entropy, self.policy.mask, 2)[1]) ) def _create_ppo_optimizer_ops(self): self.tf_optimizer = self.create_optimizer_op(self.learning_rate) self.grads = self.tf_optimizer.compute_gradients(self.loss) self.update_batch = self.tf_optimizer.minimize(self.loss) @timed def update(self, batch: AgentBuffer, num_sequences: int) -> Dict[str, float]: """ Performs update on model. :param mini_batch: Batch of experiences. :param num_sequences: Number of sequences to process. :return: Results of update. """ feed_dict = self._construct_feed_dict(batch, num_sequences) stats_needed = self.stats_name_to_update_name update_stats = {} # Collect feed dicts for all reward signals. for _, reward_signal in self.reward_signals.items(): feed_dict.update( reward_signal.prepare_update(self.policy, batch, num_sequences) ) stats_needed.update(reward_signal.stats_name_to_update_name) update_vals = self._execute_model(feed_dict, self.update_dict) for stat_name, update_name in stats_needed.items(): update_stats[stat_name] = update_vals[update_name] return update_stats def _construct_feed_dict( self, mini_batch: AgentBuffer, num_sequences: int ) -> Dict[tf.Tensor, Any]: # Do an optional burn-in for memories num_burn_in = int(self.burn_in_ratio * self.policy.sequence_length) burn_in_mask = np.ones((self.policy.sequence_length), dtype=np.float32) burn_in_mask[range(0, num_burn_in)] = 0 burn_in_mask = np.tile(burn_in_mask, num_sequences) feed_dict = { self.policy.batch_size_ph: num_sequences, self.policy.sequence_length_ph: self.policy.sequence_length, self.policy.mask_input: mini_batch["masks"] * burn_in_mask, self.advantage: mini_batch["advantages"], self.all_old_log_probs: mini_batch["action_probs"], } for name in self.reward_signals: feed_dict[self.returns_holders[name]] = mini_batch[ "{}_returns".format(name) ] feed_dict[self.old_values[name]] = mini_batch[ "{}_value_estimates".format(name) ] if self.policy.output_pre is not None and "actions_pre" in mini_batch: feed_dict[self.policy.output_pre] = mini_batch["actions_pre"] else: feed_dict[self.policy.output] = mini_batch["actions"] if self.policy.use_recurrent: feed_dict[self.policy.prev_action] = mini_batch["prev_action"] feed_dict[self.policy.action_masks] = mini_batch["action_mask"] if "vector_obs" in mini_batch: feed_dict[self.policy.vector_in] = mini_batch["vector_obs"] if self.policy.vis_obs_size > 0: for i, _ in enumerate(self.policy.visual_in): feed_dict[self.policy.visual_in[i]] = mini_batch["visual_obs%d" % i] if self.policy.use_recurrent: feed_dict[self.policy.memory_in] = [ mini_batch["memory"][i] for i in range( 0, len(mini_batch["memory"]), self.policy.sequence_length ) ] feed_dict[self.memory_in] = self._make_zero_mem( self.m_size, mini_batch.num_experiences ) return feed_dict