#Rendering in the Universal Render Pipeline

The Universal Render Pipeline (Universal RP) renders Scenes using the:

- Forward renderer
- [Shading models](shading-model.md) for shaders shipped with Universal RP
- Camera
- [UniversalRP Asset](universalrp-asset.md)

In the Forward renderer, Universal RP implements a rendering loop that tells Unity how to render a frame.



![The UniversalRP Forward rendering loop](Images/Graphics/Rendering_Flowchart.png)



When the [render pipeline is active in Graphics Settings](configuring-universalrp-for-use.md), Unity uses Universal RP to render all Cameras in your Project, including game and Scene view cameras, Reflection Probes, and the preview windows in your Inspectors. 

The Universal RP renderer executes a Camera loop for each Camera, which performs the following steps:

1. Culls rendered objects in your Scene
2. Builds data for the renderer
3. Executes a renderer that outputs an image to the framebuffer. 

For more information about each step, see [Camera loop](#Steps-in-the-camera-loop).

UniversalRP provides callbacks that you can use to execute code at the beginning and end of the rendering loop, as well at the beginning and end of each Camera loop. 

## Camera loop 

The Camera loop performs the following steps:

| Step                         | Description                                                  |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| __Setup Culling Parameters__ | Configures parameters that determine how the culling system culls Lights and shadows. You can override this part of the render pipeline with a custom renderer. |
| __Culling__                  | Uses the culling parameters from the previous step to compute a list of visible renderers, shadow casters, and Lights that are visible to the Camera. Culling parameters and Camera [layer distances](https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/Camera-layerCullDistances.html) affect culling and rendering performance. |
| __Build Rendering Data__     | Catches information based on the culling output, quality settings from the [Universal RP Asset](universalrp-asset.md), [Camera](camera.md), and the current running platform to build the `RenderingData`. The rendering data tells the renderer the amount of rendering work and quality required for the Camera and the currently chosen platform. |
| __Setup Renderer__           | Builds a list of render passes, and queues them for execution according to the rendering data. You can override this part of the render pipeline with a custom renderer. |
| __Execute Renderer__         | Executes each render pass in the queue. The renderer outputs the Camera image to the framebuffer. |